Two threats to U.S. science

Strengthening the US Medical Countermeasure Enterprise for Biological Threats

B iological threats, which range from naturally occurring outbreaks of infectious disease to intentional acts of bioterrorism, pose unique dangers to public health and national security in the United States. Medical countermeasures (MCMs)—drugs, vaccines, diagnostic tests, and other therapies and devices—rank among the most important assets in the nation’s arsenal against dangerous pathogens, a...

"I am us": negative stereotypes as collective threats.

Collective threat is the fear that an in-group member's behavior might reinforce a negative stereotype of one's group. In a field study, self-reported collective threat was higher in stereotyped minorities than in Whites and was linked to lower self-esteem in both groups. In 3 experimental studies, a potentially poor performance by an in-group member on a stereotype-relevant task proved threate...

Transplantation and HIV: facing two threats to life.

Research in academic medical centers: two threats to sustainable support.

Reductions in federal support and clinical revenue jeopardize biomedical research and, in turn, clinical medicine.

Neural responses to sanction threats in two-party economic exchange.

Sanctions are used ubiquitously to enforce obedience to social norms. However, recent field studies and laboratory experiments have demonstrated that cooperation is sometimes reduced when incentives meant to promote prosocial decisions are added to the environment. Although various explanations for this effect have been suggested, the neural foundations of the effect have not been fully explore...